汉语负迁移对医学生专业英语翻译学习的影响(2)

例注：在本例中，汉语负迁移的具体表现为将subjects（复数形式）错误表述为subject（单数形式）。

1.1.2 从句关联词错误

在英语中，从句通常由关联词引导，并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。在医学生专业英语翻译学习中，通常会将汉语中的固有句法结构无意识地应用到翻译之中。

例2：刘海博和高洁利用死因监测资料寻找北京市大兴县人群的主要卫生问题，并分析各死亡评价指标的不同。结果表明：（1）按比例死亡比（proportional mortality ratio，PMR）排序，前五位死因为脑血管病、心脏病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系病、损伤中毒。（2）按潜在寿命损失年（years of potential life lost，YPLL）排序，前五位死因为损伤中毒、脑血管病、恶性肿瘤心脏病、呼吸系病；（3）按早死所致生命损失年（years of life lost，YLL）排序，前五位死因为脑血管病、损伤中毒心脏病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系病[9]。

Example 2:Liu Haibo and Gao Jie used surveillance data of death causes to find out the main health problems of the population in Daxing County,Beijing,and analyzed the difference of death cause evaluation results were as follows:(1)Sorting on proportional mortality ratio(PMR),the top five reasons of death were because(应当删除because)cerebrovascular diseases,heart diseases,malignant tumors,respiratory diseases,injuries and poisoning.(2)Sorting on years of potential life lost(YPLL),the top five reasons of death were because(应当删除because)injuries and poisoning,cerebrovascular diseases,malignant tumors,heart diseases and respiratory diseases.(3)Sorting on years of life lost(YLL),the top five reasons of death were because(应当删除because)cerebrovascular diseases,injuries and poisoning,heart diseases,malignant tumors and respiratory diseases.

例注：在本例中，汉语负迁移的具体表现为将the reasons were...错误表述为the reasons were because（汉语中的表述为...原因是因为...）。

1.1.3 时态误用

在英语中，时间概念由动词时态的变化来表达。与之相反，在汉语中，时间概念由时间状语或者语气词来表达，没有动词时态的变化。医学生在进行专业英语翻译时，时常因母语干扰而忽略时态的变换。

例3：胡文斌等人探究了2006-2013年江苏省昆山市食管癌发病与死亡趋势。食管癌发病病例来源于昆山肿瘤登记报告系统，死亡病例来源于昆山生命登记系统。计算食管癌粗发病（死亡）率与年龄标化发病（死亡）率；使用Jain-point回归计算发病率与死亡率平均年度变化百分比(Annual Percentage Change，APC)[10]。

Example 3:Hu Wenbin et the trend of esophageal cancer incidence and mortality in Kunshan City,Jiangsu Province from 2006 to 2013.The esophageal cancer cases were originated from Kunshan Cancer Registration System,and the esophageal cancer death cases were derived from Kunshan Vital Registration crude incidence(mortality)rates and age-standardized incidence(mortality)rates(ASIR)have been(应为were) regression method has been(应为was)used to calculate the average annual percentage change in incidence rates and mortality rates.

例注：在本例中，汉语负迁移的具体表现为错用现在完成时（应当使用一般过去式）。

1.2 介入性干扰

1.2.1 硬套汉语词汇

在尚未完全掌握英语中某些词汇的意义之前，以汉语为母语的英语学习者通常会硬套汉语规则和习惯，把汉语词汇的意义硬套在英语上，出现不合规范或不合英语文化习惯的“畸形”英语（中式英语）。

例4：患者关系管理策略的实施，有助于医院构建和谐的医患关系,有助于患者对医疗服务满意度的不断提升，最终步入社会效益和经济效益的良性循环[11]。

Example 4:The implementation of the patient relationship management strategy helps hospitals to build a harmonious doctorpatient relationship,helps patients to improve the satisfaction of medical services,and eventually goes to social benefits and economic benefits’virtuous cycle(应为enters a virtuous cycle of social benefits and economic benefits).

例注：在本例中，汉语负迁移的具体表现为硬套汉语词汇-go to social benefits...（步入社会效益...）。

1.2.2 汉字替代

除硬套汉语词汇之外，汉字替代也是介入性干扰的表现形式之一。

例5：优质护理应用在疝气手术患者的护理中效果显著，降低了并发症的发生率，提高了患者对护理服务的满意度。因此，此护理模式具有一定的临床应用价值[12]。

Example 5:The effect of high quality nursing in patients with疝气(应为hernia)surgery is remarkable,which can reduce the incidence of complications and improve the patient's satisfaction with the nursing ,this nursing mode has a certain clinical application value.

文章来源：《中华保健医学杂志》 网址: http://www.zhbjyxzz.cn/qikandaodu/2021/0506/934.html